JH Uotin Fytoterapiasta (3) Carrageen, Chondrus crispus, Irlanninsammal, Red Seawood , Perlmoos

JH Uotin Fytoterapiasta.

(3) Chondrus crispus, Irlanninsammal , Red Seaweed, Knorpelmoos, Carrageen levä, Perlmoos

KOTIOPAS 1912  s. 201 ja KOTIOPAS  1928, s. 144.

Keuhkojen tulehtumissa ja ärtymissä sekä rintaveren sylyssä, mutta ei parhaillaan kuumetta ollessa::

(2) Lichen islandicus

Kangas-eli nummijäkälää (Lichen islandicus) puhdistetaan 500 gramaa, hakataan pieneksi-- tästä kirjoitettu edellä)

(tai)

(3) Helmijäkälästä (Sphaerococcus,  crispus,  lichen,  carragahen) 20 grammasta jäkälää neljänneslitrassa vettä runsas puoli tuntia. Se hyytelöityy jäähtyessä. Sitä nautitaan 2-4 teelusikallsita muutamia kertoja päivässä.

JH Uotin mainitsema helmijäkälä  Perlmoos- on  nykynimeltä   IRLANNINSAMMAL, punainen merilevälaji, Chondrus crispus. kuvia on allaolevassa lähteessä: 

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlkZAr7uhZI

Saksalaisia nimiä tälle levämuodolle:

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knorpeltang

Der (Gemeine) Knorpeltang (Chondrus crispus), auch als Knorpelmoos, Irisch Moos bzw. Irländisches Moos, (irländisches) Perlmoos oder Carrag(h)een-Alge oder -Moos benannt) ist eine Rotalge der nordatlantischen Küsten.

Irlanninsammalta kasvaa Atlantin rannikoilla kivien päällä matalassa vedessä. Levästä saadaan karrageeniksi kutsuttua polysakkaridia, jota käytetään hyytelöinti- ja sakeuttamisaineena. Sitä merkitään lisäaineena E-koodilla E407 ja käytetään esimerkiksi hammastahnoissa, makeisissa, kastikkeissa ja lääke- ja kosmetiikkavalmisteissa, jäätelössä. Levää myös viljellään karrageenin tuotantoa varten.

Mielenkiintoinnen kertomus levatutkimuksesta ja levän viljelystä Sansibarissa (saksaksi)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RsfcnYd3qSE

Sansibar tuottaa tätä arevokasta ja viljeltävissä olevaa punalevää 5000 tonnia vuosittain. Merileväviljely antaa toimeentulon monille, varsinkin naiset saavat ammattituloa.

PubMed 158 löytöä, kun hakusana on  Chondrus Crispus.

Engl.  Red Seaweed 

Otan pohdittavaksi 20 tuoreinta artikkelia.

1. A Cultivated Form of a Red Seaweed (Chondrus crispus), Suppresses β-Amyloid-Induced Paralysis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sangha JS, Wally O et alo.  2015 Oct 20 Taken together, these results suggested that the cultivated strain of C. crispus, whilst providing dietary nutritional value, may also have significant protective effects against β-amyloid-induced toxicity in C. elegans, partly through reduced β-amyloid species, up-regulation of stress induced genes and reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).   Free Article Similar articles
2. [From algae to "functional foods"].Vadalà M, Palmieri B. 2015 Jul-Aug; In the recent years, a growing interest for nutraceutical algae (tablets, capsules, drops) has been developed, due to their effective health benefits, as a potential alternative to the classic drugs. This review explores the use of cyanobacterium Spirulina, the microalgae Chlorella, Dunaliella, Haematococcus, and the macroalgae Klamath, Ascophyllum, Lithothamnion, Chondrus, Hundaria, Glacilaria, Laminaria, Asparagopsis, Eisenia, Sargassum as nutraceuticals and dietary supplements, in terms of production, nutritional components and evidence-based health benefits. Thus, our specific goals are: 1) Overview of the algae species currently used in nutraceuticals; 2) Description of their characteristics, action mechanisms, and possible side effects; 3) Perspective of specific algae clinical investigations development. Free Article Similar articles
3. Phylogeographic structure and deep lineage diversification of the red alga Chondrus ocellatus Holmes in the Northwest Pacific. Hu ZM, Li JJ et al. 2015 Oct;24.Similar articles
4. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Algae-Derived Lipid Extracts on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Stimulated Human THP-1 Macrophages. Robertson RC, Guihéneuf F et al.  2015 Aug 20; Quantitative gene expression analysis of a panel of 92 genes linked to inflammatory signaling pathway revealed down-regulation of the expression of 14 pro-inflammatory genes (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR8, TRAF5, TRAF6, TNFSF18, IL6R, IL23, CCR1, CCR4, CCL17, STAT3, MAP3K1) by the lipid extracts. The lipid extracts effectively inhibited the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory signaling pathways mediated via toll-like receptors, chemokines and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling molecules. These results suggest that lipid extracts from P. lutheri, P. palmata, P. dioica and C. crispus can inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory pathways in human macrophages. Therefore, algal lipid extracts should be further explored as anti-inflammatory ingredients for chronic inflammation-linked metabolic diaseases. Free PMC Article Similar articles
5. Prebiotic effects of diet supplemented with the cultivated red seaweed Chondrus crispus or with fructo-oligo-saccharide on host immunity, colonic microbiota and gut microbial metabolites. Liu J, Kandasamy S, et al.  . 2015 Aug 14;Gastrointestinal microbial communities are diverse and are composed of both beneficial and pathogenic groups. Prebiotics, such as digestion-resistant fibers, influence the composition of gut microbiota, and can contribute to the improvement of host health. The red seaweed Chondrus crispus is rich in dietary fiber and oligosaccharides, however its prebiotic potential has not been studied to date.The results suggest multiple prebiotic effects, such as influencing the composition of gut microbial communities, improvement of gut health and immune modulation in rats supplemented with cultivated C. crispus.Free PMC Article Similar articles
6.  Structural colour in Chondrus crispus. Chandler CJ, Wilts BD et al. . 2015 Jul 3; In this study we examine the cuticular structure of the red alga Chondrus crispus (Irish Moss) using anatomical and optical approaches Free Article Similar articles
7. Neuroprotective effects of the cultivated Chondrus crispus in a C. elegans model of Parkinson's disease. Liu J, Banskota AH et al. 2015 Apr 14; Altogether, apart from its potential as a functional food, the tested red seaweed, C. crispus, might find promising pharmaceutical applications for the development of potential novel anti-neurodegenerative drugs for humans.   Free PMC Article Similar article
8. Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta macroalgae: a source of health promoting phytochemicals. Santos SA, Vilela C et al. . Food Chem. 2015 Sep 15; These results are a relevant contribution for the valorisation of these macroalgae species as sources of valuable phytochemicals. Similar articles
9. Enzyme-assisted extraction of bioactive material from Chondrus crispus and Codium fragile and its effect on herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). Kulshreshtha G, Burlot AS et al.  2015 Jan 16; Codium fragile and Chondrus crispus are, respectively, green and red seaweeds which are abundant along the North Atlantic coasts. We investigated the chemical composition and antiviral activity of enzymatic extracts of C. fragile (CF) and C. crispus (CC). On a dry weight basis, CF consisted of 11% protein, 31% neutral sugars, 0.8% sulfate, 0.6% uronic acids, and 49% ash, while CC contained 27% protein, 28% neutral sugars, 17% sulfate, 1.8% uronic acids, and 25% ash. Enzyme-assisted hydrolysis improved the extraction efficiency of bioactive materials. Commercial proteases and carbohydrases significantly improved (p ≤ 0.001) biomass yield (40%-70% dry matter) as compared to aqueous extraction (20%-25% dry matter). Moreover, enzymatic hydrolysis enhanced the recovery of protein, neutral sugars, uronic acids, and sulfates. The enzymatic hydrolysates exhibited significant activity against Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) with EC50 of 77.6-126.8 μg/mL for CC and 36.5-41.3 μg/mL for CF, at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.001 ID50/cells without cytotoxity (1-200 μg/mL). The extracts obtained from proteases (P1) and carbohydrases (C3) were also effective at higher virus MOI of 0.01 ID50/cells without cytotoxity. Taken together, these results indicate the potential application of enzymatic hydrolysates of C. fragile and C. crispus in functional food and antiviral drug discovery. Free PMC Article Similar articles
10. Gelling polysaccharide from Chondrus armatus and its oligosaccharides: the structural peculiarities and anti-inflammatory activity. Kalitnik AA, Marcov PA et al.  2015 Jan 22;.The anti-inflammatory effect of the polymer was observed at a dose of 5mg/kg  Similar articles
11. Chemical and mass spectrometry characterization of the red alga Pyropia yezoensis chemoprotective protein (PYP): protective activity of the N-terminal fragment of PYP1 against acetaminophen-induced cell death in Chang liver cells. Choi YH, Yamaguchi K, et al.  2015 Jan;35.- chemoprotective activity-  Similar articles
12. Feed supplementation with red seaweeds, Chondrus crispus and Sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii, affects performance, egg quality, and gut microbiota of layer hens. Kulshreshtha G, Rathgeber B et al.  2014 Dec; Similar articles
13. O father where art thou? Paternity analyses in a natural population of the haploid-diploid seaweed Chondrus crispus. Krueger-Hadfield SA, Roze D et al.  2015 Feb; Similar articles
14. Seaweeds and plastic debris can influence the survival of faecal indicator organisms in beach environments. Quilliam RS, Jamieson J et al. . 2014 Jul 15; Similar articles
15. Citreitalea marina gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from a marine red alga and emended description of the genus Gangjinia. Yoon J, Adachi K et al. . 2014 Aug;. Similar articles
16. Carrageenan: a natural seaweed polysaccharide and its applications. Prajapati VD, Maheriya PM et al.  2014 May 25; Review.Polysaccharides have been gaining interesting and valuable applications in the food and pharmaceutical fields. As they are derived from the natural source, they are easily available, non-toxic, cheap, biodegradable and biocompatible. Carrageenan is one among them, which fulfills the criteria of polysaccharide; it is a natural carbohydrate (polysaccharide) obtained from edible red seaweeds. The name Carrageenan is derived from the Chondrus crispus species of seaweed (Rhodophyceace) known as Carrageen Moss or Irish Moss, and Carraigin. A demand based on its application has been widely increasing in food and pharmaceutical sectors. Carrageenan has gained wide applications in experimental medicine, pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and food industries. Through keen references of the reported literature on carrageenan, in this review, we have described about carrageenan, its properties, extraction and refining, and its food and pharmaceutical applications. Similar articles
17. Protective effect of the edible brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in primary rat hepatocytes. Jung HA, Kim JI et al.  2014 Aug; Similar articles
18. RT-qPCR normalization genes in the red alga Chondrus crispus. Kowalczyk N, Rousvoal S et al. 2014 Feb 3;Free PMC Article Similar articles
19. Meroterpenes from an algicolous strain of Penicillium echinulatum. Li XD, Miao FP, et al. -inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli- 2014 May; Similar articles Select item 2443356920.
20.  Intertidal population genetic dynamics at a microgeographic seascape scale. Hu ZM. Mol Ecol. 2013 Jun;22. Similar articles

Tällä Chondrus cripsus punaisella merilevällä on laajat marrkkinalaueet maailamssa. esim.
http://www.seakura.net/#!red-seaweed/c13n2